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Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Background of obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Type

Clinical Features

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) criteria

Hypopneas (abnormally shallow breathing)

Obstructive apneas (absent breathing)

Respiratory effort related arousals

Daytime symptoms

- Excessive daytime sleepiness

- Fatigue

- Poor concentration

Disturbed sleep

- Restlessness

- Resuscitative snorting

- Snoring

Risk factors for OSA

Increasing age from young adulthood to 60s-70s

Nasal congestion

Obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2)

Smoking

Coexisting conditions

- Acromegaly

- Chronic lung disease

- Congestive heart failure

- End stage renal disease

- Hypertension

- Hypothyroidism

- Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)

- Parkinson’s disease

- Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

- Pregnancy

- Stroke and TIA

- Type 2 diabetes

Sex

- More common in males than females until menopause

Craniofacial/upper airway abnormalities

- Abnormal maxillary or short mandibular size

- Hypertrophied adenoids

- Tonsillar hypertrophy

- Wide craniofacial base

Back to Obstructive Sleep Apnea

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