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Hearing loss

Background of hearing loss

Type

Clinical features

Ear anatomy

Outer ear

- Auricle

- - Senses incoming sound waves and transmits to external auditory canal

- External auditory canal (EAC)

Middle ear

- Tympanic membrane (TM)

- - Sound waves vibrate against TM to move ossicles

- Ossicles (Stapes, Incus, Malleus)

- - Push inner ear fluid around cochlea

- Middle ear canal

Inner ear

- Cochlea

- Semicircular canals

- Internal auditory canal

- - Transmits sound via cochlear (auditory) nerve to brain for sound perception

Classification

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)

- Defect is nerve conduction of perceived sound

- Involves inner ear, cochlea, or auditory nerve

Conductive hearing loss (CHL)

- Defect in conduction of sound from outer ear to inner ear

Mixed

- Combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL)

- Decreased hearing > 30 dB affecting > 3 sound frequencies within 72 hours or less

- Usually associated with tinnitus, ear fullness, and vertigo

Back to Hearing loss

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