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Definition of upper GI bleeding | The Art of Clinical Medicine
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Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Definition of upper GI bleeding


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Type Description
Presentation
  •  Most commonly presents as hematemesis and/or melena
Hematemesis
  •  Emesis with either red blood or coffee-ground color
    • Indicates bleeding proximal to Ligament of Treitz
  • Emesis with red blood
    • Moderate to severe bleeding, possibly ongoing
  • Coffee ground emesis
    • More limited bleeding that is likely not ongoing
Melena
  • Black, tarry stool
    • Indicates bleeding distal to ligament of Treitz (90%)
    • Color and odor due to digestive enzymes and intestinal bacteria altering hemoglobin in blood
  • Possible origins of melena
    • Nasopharynx
    • Oropharynx
    • Right colon
    • Small bowel
(Next Lesson) Pathophysiology of upper GI bleeding
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