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Background of hepatitis B virus (HBV) | The Art of Clinical Medicine
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Hepatitis B

Background of hepatitis B virus (HBV)


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Type  Clinical features 
Definitions 
  • Acute hepatitis B 
    • Acute hepatitis that can be icteric or anicteric 
  • Chronic hepatitis B 
    • Chronic viral hepatic inflammation that can be divided into HBeAg positive or HBeAg negative 
  • Inactive HBsAg carrier 
    • Chronic HBV infection without hepatic inflammation 
  • Resolved hepatitis B 
    • Previous HBV infection with no current serological or histological disease 
  • Acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B 
    • Periodically elevated AST/ALT to 10x normal or 2x baseline 
  • Reactivation of hepatitis B 
    • Reactivation of hepatic inflammation in previous inactive HBsAg carrier 
  • HBeAg clearance 
    • Change from HbeAg positive to HBeAg negative 
  • HBeAg seroconversion 
    • HBeAG negative  with positive anti-HBeAG
Virology 
  • Double stranded DNA virus from family of hepadnaviruses  
Possible modes of viral transmission
  • Blood transfusion 
  • Mother to child in utero, during chilbirth, or after childbirth 
  • Organ transplant from infected donors 
  • Sexual transmission 
  • Percutaneous innoculation by contaminated equipment 
    • Accidental needle stick 
    • Acupuncture 
    • Body piercing 
    • Syringes and needles by IV drug use 
    • Tattooing 
(Next Lesson) Clinical presentation of hepatitis B
Back to Hepatitis B

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