Type | Possible mechanisms |
Infectious insult | - Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections
- Childhood infections (eg, pertussis, measles)
|
Impaired drainage | - Defects in cilia of airway mucosa
- Increased viscosity of mucus
|
Airway obstruction | - Chronic airway inflammation and obstruction
- Foreign body aspiration
- Hilar adenopathy compressing airways
- Impaction of mucus in airways
- Malignancy with obstruction
- Tracheobronchial congenital defects
|
Host defense defects | - Chronic immunosuppression
- Immunodeficiency states
|
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